Optical condensing system with variable effective focal length

ABSTRACT

A versatile optical condensing system readily convertible for use with projection lenses covering a wide range of focal lengths, as 35 to 250 mm. using a common group of lenses by themselves or in combination with a selected one in a second group of lenses. This system is characterized by its simplicity, compactness, highly uniform light intensity, minimal chromatic abberation and ability to hold the image size of the light source to a minimum at the entrance pupil of the projection lens to avoid the need for costly high-speed projection lenses. The basic lens system utilizes three lens the second and third of which each have one aspheric surface designed with controlled spherical abberation and so that the light rays passing between these two aspheric surfaces are substantially parallel to the optical axis. This feature makes it feasible to vary the axial spacing of these two lenses as necessary to accommodate the basic lens system for optimal use wit a selected supplemental condensing lens and one of several projection lenses of differing focal lengths. The invention makes it possible to manufacture of wide range of condensing system sizes at very substantial cost savings using a minimum number of variable components.

[72] Inventor Chan Street El Segundo, Calif. [21] Appl. No. 864,117 [22] Filed Oct. 6, 1969 [45] Patented Sept. 28, I971 [73] Assignee Spindler & Sauppe, Inc.

Glendale, Calif.

[54] OPTICAL CONDENSING SYSTEM WITH VARIABLE EFFECTIVE FOCAL LENGTH 12 Claims, 6 Drawing Figs.

[52] US. Cl 350/189 I 5 l Int. Cl G02b 3/04 [50] Field of Search. 350/l 89 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,637,242 5/l953 Osterberg et al. 350/189 3,472,577 10/1969 Rosin et al 350/l89 Primary Examiner David Schonberg Assistant Examiner-Paul A. Sacher Attorney-Sellers and Brace ABSTRACT: A versatile optical condensing system readily convertible for use with projection lenses covering a wide range of focal lengths, as 35 to 250 mm. using a common group of lenses by themselves or in combination with a selected one in a second group of lenses. This system is characterized by its simplicity, compactness, highly uniform light intensity, minimal chromatic abberation and ability to hold the image size of the light source to a minimum at the entrance pupil of the projection lens to avoid the need for costly high-speed projection lenses. The basic lens system utilizes three lens the second and third of which each have one aspheric surface designed with controlled spherical abberation and so that the light rays passing between these two aspheric surfaces are substantially parallel to the optical axis. This feature makes it feasible to vary the axial spacing of these two lenses as necessary to accommodate the basic lens system for optimal use wit a selected supplemental condensing lens and one of several projection lenses of differing focal lengths. The invention makes it possible to manufacture of wide range of condensing system sizes at very substantial cost savings using a minimum number of variable components.

Another object of the invention a the provision on unique optical condensing system utilizing'a minimum of optlcalele- The present invention relates to optical condensing system,

and more particularly to a unique. highly versatile system readily convertible for use with projection lenses of any of a wide range of focal lengths.

Optical condensing systems of a wide variety of constructions have been proposed heretofore using various arrangements and combinations of optical components and having as objects an improved more efficient more uniformly lighted field and producing less distortion and minimized chromatic aberration. Many of these condensing systems have been quite successful in achieving some of these objectives but are subject to certain shortcomings and disadvantages sought to be avoided by the present invention. For example, many of these prior systems have been unduly complex and utilize an excessive number of optical components adding greatly to the cost and inherently subject to excessive loss in the quantity of transmitted light from the light source. A particular disadvantage and shortcoming of prior condensing systems is the fact that each is specifically designed for a particular focal length projection lens without any provision or capability of conversion for use with projection lenses of other focal length. Previous aspheric condensing lens systems have been typically designed for essentially zero spherical aberration. This has constrained these systems to the use of a particular lamp source filament area, a particular system focal length, and fixed spacing of the lens elements.

it is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide a greatly improved optical condensing system the major components of which can be used interchangeably and in a manner to provide a wide range of condensing systems usable with projection lenses having widely differing focal lengths and encompassing, for example, a range between 35 and 250 millimeters. This capability is achieved by introducing and controlling deliberate spherical aberration with controlled ray path and distribution using two groups of optical components, one group of which is usable universally with the full range of projectors, either by themselves for one particular focal length or in combination with a selected optical component from the second group thereof for respective ones of other projection lenses. Desirably, but not necessarily. one of the universally used optical components and a selected one of the elective optical components is mountable in a common support specially designed for use with that particular elective component. This expedient provides assurance that all components of a chosen condensing system will be assembled in their precise proper relative positions.

Accordingly it will be understood that the invention contemplates a condensing system suitable for projection lenses of focal lengths ranging between 35 and 250 mm. utilizing a first group of three optical elements, two of which are always supported in the same mounting means and the third of which is mountable in one of a series of mounting supports, either by itself or with a selected one of a group of supplemental optical elements depending upon the desired focal length of the projection lens. The design constants of all optical elements are precisely matched when assembled in a selected one of the various possible operating combinations and each system provides substantially identical results comparable to, if not surpassing, the performance of the best commercial condensing system for use with a projection lens of designated focal length.

It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide a unique optical condensing system utilizing a minimum number of specially designed components selectively usable in combination with one another to provide different specific condensing systems for use with a projection lens of a related specific focal length.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved optical condensing system utilizing a minimum of optical elements and characterized by its unusual efficiency and superior operating characteristics.

merits compactly arranged and featuring uniform luminous intensity throughout the area of the objectivep'iane of the projection lens, the highest-practical pickup angle from the light source, and providing minimum chromatic aberration.

Another object of the invention is the provision within its design principles of means to provide at the film gate luminous intensity distributed in accordance with a smoothly ordered function as, for example, a sine distribution," providing uniform luminous intensity from a source having a fall-off varying as the cosine of the angle measured normal to the optical axis.

Another object of the invention is the provisionof a versatile optical condensing system readily assembled from a minimum number of components for use in systems of'a range of focal lengths and including two lenses each having one aspheric surface designed with controlled spherical aberration and so that light rays passing therebetween are essentially parallel to the optical axis thereby permitting these two lenses to be shifted along the optical axis as necessary for their op timal use with different selected supplemental condensing lens.

Another object of the invention is to provide controlled illumination over all portions of an associated projection aper ture.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a condensing system accommodating axial adjustment of one of the two lenses having an aspheric surface thereby to permittheinsertion of a selected supplemental lens to adjust the focal length to match the requirements of a selected projection lens.

A further object of the invention is to control the light path through the condensing system so as to eliminate the need for large aperture costly projection lenses.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a con densing system using aspheric lens shapes having less power at their centers and which, in consequence, are thinner, easier to cool and less costly.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a high performance, high efficiency optical condensing system utilia ing a minimum number of optical components selectively usable in different combinations to provide a light projection system readily convertible for use with a plurality of projection lenses of different specific focal lengths.

These and other more specific objects will appear upon reading the following specification and claims and upon considering in connection therewith the attached drawings to which they relate.

Referring now to the drawings in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated:

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a suitable housing enclosing the projection lamp and lens system embodying the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view on an enlarged scale taken along line 2-2 on FIG. 1 showing a condensing lens system as assembled for use with a projection lens of 35 millimeters focal length;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken 3-3 on FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken in part along a transverse horizontal plane through the optical axis of the lens system and showing one supplemental lens unit in place and four alternate lens units in readiness for assembly in lieu of the third and fourth lenses employed in the 35 mm. focal length assembly;

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the basic components of the invention lens system for a projection lens having a focal length of 75 mm. and showing the deviation paths of three typical rays leaving the lamp filament at 10, 30 and 50 to the optical axis; and

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view generally similar to FIG. 5 showing the lens system assembled for use with a projection lens of 35 mm. focal length and showing the path of marginal 50 ray.

along line Referring initially and more particularly to FIGS. 1. 2 and 3. there is shown a typical embodiment of the invention projection lens system. designated generally ID. with the lens components assembled for use with an 12.5 projection lens of 35 mm. focal length. The projection lamp and lens system is enclosed within any suitable main housing It provided with a carrying handle 12 and having aligned slots 13 in its sidewalls for film in either strip form or mounted in carrier frames in accordance with customary practice. The lens system is particularly suitable for use in projecting transparent slides having standard dimensions utilized in both commercial and home projectors. Typically, the slides have formats commonly referred to as double frame measuring 35x23 mm. The system is also suitable to project the super slide format measuring 38X 38 mm. The projection lens 15 is adjustably supported in an opening at the front of housing ll.

As is best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, main housing 11 encloses suitable rigid support structure 18 interiorly thereof for sup porting a projection lamp l9 and the readily convertible condensing lens system. This condensing system comprises. as basic optical elements, lenses I, II and III which may be used alone or in combination with a selected one of the supplemen tal lenses IV A, IV 8, IV C and IV D (FIG. 4). As herein disclosed by way of example, lenses I, II and Ill, when used alone, are designed to be compatible with a 75 mm. projection lens and are firmly assembled in the manner illustrated in FIG. 5. However, when the projector is assembled for use with a projection lens having a focal length other than 75 mm., collective lens III and a selected one of the supplemental lenses IV A, IV B, W C, IV D etc. are assembled for use in combination with lenses l and II using an appropriate common carrier for lens Ill and the selected supplemental lens. Conversion from one condensing system to another is accomplished by selecting a particular one of the supplemental lenses and mounting this lens along with lens III in a selected one of the one-piece lens mount 20, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, following the simple technique to be described presently.

Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 4, it will be understood that subframc I8 enclosed by housing 11 includes a transverse bracket 23 provided with numerous cooling air ports for directing cooling air from a supply passage 24. This cooling air is directed over the forward and rear faces of the various lens elements to cool the same in accordance with customary practice. Condensing lenses l and II are mounted in a common lens mount 26 comprising a U-shaped sheet metal member anchored to bracket 23 as by screws 27. Lens l is mounted in an upright ring 28 bent upwardly from the bottom dr bight portion between the upright legs of lens mount 26. The sidewalls of mount 26 are apertured as indicated at 29 in FIG. 4 to receive the diametrically opposed marginal edges of lens II. the sidewalls of the lens mount being flexible to permit insertion of the lens following which the sidewalls are held pressed against the edges of the lens by spring keeper clip 30. A pair of heat filters 32,32 are similarly held in place in front of the forward face of lens II.

The lens mounts 20, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d are similar to the U- shaped lens mount 26 just described but differ from one another primarily only in the spacing of the support slots for the basic lens ill from the support for the supplemental lens. Thus mount member 20 includes upright resilient sidewalls 33,33 having inturned tangs 34 at their upper forward comers which cooperate with tangs 35 projecting inwardly from a generally rectangular opening 36 in the front end wall 37 of mounting member 20. When the spring keeper clip is detached from it normal assembled position crosswise of the upper edges of sidewalls 33,33 the latter walls can be flexed outwardly away from one another permitting a selected one of the supplemental lenses to be inserted between tangs 34,35. This having been done. end wall 36 is flexed upwardly and keeper 30 is pressed into assembled position with its inturned ends seated in openings 38 (FIG. 2).

Each of the sidewalls 33 of members 20 are also notched in transversely aligned relationship to receive the marginal edges of lens ill. Lens III is held locked in assembled position by keeper 30. However, the spacing of the assembly slots for lens III differs as respects the spacing of these slots axially from the interior transverse face of tange and depending upon thd particular supplemental lens to be used. Preferably, a separate lens mount 20 is constructed for each different focal length optical system in order to safeguard against the possibility of lens III being assembled in an improper operating position relative to the other lenses of the system. However, it is within the scope of the invention to use a common lens mount 20 having its sidewalls 33 pierced with multiple sets of aligned mounting slots for lens Ill, there being a particular set for the entire range of focal lengths for which supplemental lenses are available. in this case, the assembler or operator must exercise due care in selecting the appropriate set of mounting slots for the lens Ill.

The means for detachably securing the lens mount for elements Ill and IV in place is best shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. Thus. the upright wail of subframe I8 is apertured to receive tangt 35 of each of the lens mounts with the transverse lower wall of the mounts seated against bracket shelf 23. Motlht 20 is held securely in this position with lenses Ill and IV aligned with the optical axis by means of a pair of keeper clips 40,40 pivoted to bracket 23 by shouldered rivets 41. When keepers 40 are rotated to the position shown in FIG. 4 they beat firmly against the rear edge of the bottom wall of mounts 20 and anchor the same firmly and accurately in position. Rotating the keepers away from one another about rivets 41 releases the mounting units 20 for removal either for servicing or to convert the pro- 30 jector to a different focal length.

Referring now to the details of the versatile readily convertible optical condensing system, it will be understood that the optical components include the basic lens elements I, II and Ill which comprise a complete condensing system for a selected focal length system and which are used in combination with a selected one of a series of supplemental lenses such as lenses IV A-D when desiring a system ofdifferent focal length. These optical elements are specifically designed to provide an illuminating system having superior characteristics over the en} tire range of projector focal lengths between 35 and 250 mm.

A principal problem involves a design providing a high degree of even illumination over the entire surface of the film area. This objective is achieved by the present lens system using the highest reasonable pickup angle from the slight source of and with the optical elements confined approximately within a maximum axial distance of about 6 inches. Chromatic aberration and color fringing is reduced to a point such that it does not interfere with the proper rendering of color transparencies. The reduction in light intensity source; as viewed at high input angles, is compensated for to provide, as near as practical, uniform illumlnous intensity at the film plane and the image size of the light source at the entrance window of the projection lens is minimized to avoid the need for an extremely high-spced projection lens.

It is well known that most filament lamps exhibit a falloff iii luminous intensity which varies as the cosine of the angle measured from a plane normal to the filament. in prlhciple. fillment lamps exhibit a fallofi of luminous intensity as the cosine' of the angle as measured normal to the filament plane. This ii generally true in the plane parallel tothe filament axis which for most projection systems would be the vertical plane. This falloff pattern is not true for the plane at right angles to the filament axis. This is due to the nesting of the helical filaments in two difi'erent planes. This results in a loss of illumination to the system at higher angles in a horizontal plane. It only the normal cosine falloff is to be considered, even illumination would be achieved by a correction in proportion to the sine of the pickup angle. This correction will, in principldl give evetl illumination on the plane parallel to the filament axis of the system, but since the angular falloff on the plane at right angles to the filament axis is greater than the cosine. it will not fully compensate in this plane. To achieve a reasonable flat field for a filament lamp then requires either a cylindrically corrected system whose cost would be prohibitive; an additional cylinder correcting lens, or a compromise between the amount of correction required between the vertical and horizontal plane. The latter approach is the one used in the present system.

The described design principles and procedure may be performed in full. utilizing mathematical processing techniquesor in part graphically and in part mathematically.

It will be understood that FIG. 5 represents the system with The design principles utilized to carry out the foregoing 5 a 75 mm. projection lens focused on infinity with its nodal criteria for illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 5 showing the point spaced 75 mm. from film plane 46. The dotted line ray basic elements of the invention lens system for use with a 75 shown in H0. 5 represents the path of a ray through the lensmm. projection lens. The design principles will now be system and emanating from the extreme outer edge of the filadescribed. ment, it being noted that this ray falls slightly inside the en- As a convenient design criteria the marginal 50 ray w 10 trance pupil of the projection lens. Hence, the reduction in caused to intersect the optical axis at the nodal point of the power of the central portion of the lens tends to keep the light projection lens which point is spaced 75 mm. from the film from border regions of the filament in a zone within the hanplane, and with this ray passing through the diagonal comer of dling capabilities of the projection lens. the film aperture. With a given diameter for lens element lll it Fulfillment of the foregoing criteria, factors and requireis known that its surface S6 must be spaced at a certain ments is achieved using the described three element basic condistance from the film gate for the 50 ray just referred to to densing lens system for a projector assembly having a series of impinge upon surface S6 near its outer rim. The spacing focal lengths extending over the range of 35 and 250 mm. distance having been determined, the precise point of inter- Lens I has spherical surfaces, the entrance surface being consection of the 50 ray is known. cave and the exit surface being convex. The front entrance This system was designed to utilize the three basic elements surface S3 of lens ll is spherical whereas its exit surface S4 is I, ll and III to bring the rim ray of the filament in focus 75 mm. aspherical. Lens lll has an aspherical entrance surface S5 and from the film plane. If the aspheric surfaces S4 and S5 were so a plano exit surface. proportioned that all rays from the filament recombined on Table l sets forth the essential design constants of the the axis at the 75 mm. point, then the power of the system near several lens elements of the basic optical system illustrated in the axis would be great enough to deviate the off-axis filament FIG. 5. All dimensions are in millimeters and the specified rays, such as the dotted line ray 4i n FlQ. 5, completely out of thickness of each lens is that measured along the optical axis.

TABLE I y Axial Index of Lens Lens Lens thiclrdess, refraction, diameter, element surface Surface curvature, mm. t (mm.) no mm.

1 :giI IIIIjIIIIIIIIlIIZIIIIi H 33 1. 32 '(ragrseiaa'iyjjjil 22-12 III S8 ififffilfffftffi.I?:::l 1w W0 the entrance window of the projection lens. To avoid this, the Aspheric Equation I: optical axis forwardly of the focal point is divided into ordered 001587 increments representing the desired points of intersection of X ="'U 'fi successive rays of smaller angle with the optical axis. The 5 y) increments there represented are spaced one centimeter apart 45 X 10 +0.39637y 10 0.391569y 10 but it will be understood they may be otherwise distributed. 22g311 s 1 11. 4 5146 t0 o-ts Only the 10 and rays are shown in addition to the mar- I ginal ray at 50. As one example, HQ. 5 shows a sine distribu- Aspheric Equation I I tion of the rays at the film gate, these being represented in part I 001388 by the points marked 10, 20, 30, and in FIG. 5. Rays 50 X 0.677757y 10 drawn through the respective points of each section on the op- 1 (001388y) tical axis just referred to and the corresponding point of inter- +0.131434y X 10 0.139364y 10 +0.77 2 1893 section with the film gate the intersect surface S6 at readily X 10l2 ..0 178023 l0X 0-1: ascertainable points. With these ascertained points on surface 'Axial distance from radiation source to SI 2534 mm 56 the designer is enabled to determine the corresponding Axialdismnce from s2 to 53:25 mm points on surfaces S4 and S5 of lens elements ll and Ill respec- Axial distance from S4 to S5 3636 mm tively to define an aspheric surface to cause the respective Axia| distance f S6) j h gg mm y emanating from the hght Source to become waxial with [n the foregoing Table l it will be recognized that the surface the respective Poims of suface S6 determined in the manner curvatures of the three lenses are set forth in the third column described in detail ahoveother wordssurface 54 from the left. In the equations defining the surface contour of n is designed deviate the toward lens element the two aspheric surfaces of lenses ll and III, the X values and surface 55 of ekmehl is likewise so designed to represent a point on the aspheric surface measured along the deviate that 50 ray to match the criterion established for the i l i d h Y v l represent a corresponding point my bclwcfin clfimfl martin OHM film P t and on the aspheric surface measured in a plane normal to that nodal P of thc P'Ujcclhm The lame technique is axis. These aspheric shapes embody the particular distribution followed in ascertaining the aspheric surfaces S4 and S5 for fun i ado ted as desirable for the film plane and the reeach of the other rays between the marginal 50 ray and the lated axial intersection points representative of the invention plisial BXi principles but do not represent limiting conditions but merely The design technique described above provides a uniform one typical embodiment. luminous intensity or other smoothly ordered distribution The essential design constants of the invention lens system function over the area of the film gate. lt will therefore be apadapted for use with projection lens of focal lengths both parent that if a different light distribution is desired, the same greater and less than that applicable to the basic three lens technique may be employed using a difierent mode of deter condensing system are set forth below in Tables ll and Ill. mining the point of penetration of the film plane by typical Each of the supplemental lens elements IV A to IV D has spaced control rays.

one plano surface and one spherical surface respectively, facing in the directions shown in FIG. 4. It will be understood that the several plano surfaces as well asthe spherosity of surface S3 may be of different contour, these particular shapes having distinct advantages costwise and in ease of manufacturing:

Table ll follows:

Table III below lists the axial spacings in millimeters between the surface of adjacent lens elements including the basic three lens system alone or when combined with any one of the illustrative supplemental lenses.

TABLE III Lens spacings [or Typical Supplemental And Projection Lens Combinations Axial spacing, mm.

Projection lens Supplemental focallength (mm) lens No. Z1 Z1 Z Z Z Wherein Z is the axial spacing between lenses and between the film and the nearest lens surface.

In operation, lens l receives the full heat load of lamp l9 and should be constructed of a hardened tempered glass capable of operating in the region of approximately 400 C. Lenses ll and ill operate at lower temperatures and the heat filter 32 is usually placed between elements ll and Ill and is effective to filter out the infrared region beyond 0.7 p. All lenses should have reasonably well finished surfaces as, for example, to 8 A. it will be understood that the particular design constants set forth in tables I, [I and Ill are those required for the particular focal lengths selected as illustrative of the principles of the present invention.

While the particular optical condensing system herein shown and disclosed in detail is fully capable of attaining the objects and providing the advantages hereinbefore stated, it is to be understood that it is merely illustrative of the presently preferred embodiment of the invention and that no limitations are intended to the detail of construction or design herein shown other than as defined in the appended claims.

lclaim:

1. An optical condensing system comprising a plurality of optical elements in axial alignment with a source of luminous radiation, said system including a pair of lens elements having an aspheric surface on each thereof cooperating with one another and with the other surfaces of said lens elements to distribute consecutive rays of the source radiation relative to the optical axis in accordance with a smoothly ordered function over it prescribed area of a plane forwardly of and normal to the axis of said condensing system and characterized in that said lens elements are so shaped an disposed relative to one another and to the source of luminous radiation as to direct rays passing through said lens elements into intersection with the optical axis of said system at a multiplicity of points distributcd in the same consecutive order over a substantial length thereof forwardly of said condensing system.

2. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 1 characterized in that said optical system includes a first condensing lens element between said radiation source and a first one ofsaid pair of lens elements and spanning an arc of at least with respect to the source of luminous radiation.

3. An optical condensing system as defined in claim I characterized in that the aspheric surfaces respectively present on said pair of lens elements are so shaped and positioned that rays located closer to the optical axis in the zone of said lens elements intersect the optical axis at points more distantly from said lens element than the points of intersection of rays passing through the outer portions of said lens elements.

4. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 1 characterized in that said pairs of lens elements are so shaped and spaced from one another relative to the source of radiation as to provide an ordered distribution of the source rays in the plane normal to the optical axis and forwardly of the nearest one of said lens elements.

5. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 1 characterized in the combination therewith of a projection lens forwardly of said pair of lens elements and in which said rays are distributed in a smoothly ordered function, and said multiplicity of points of ray intersection with said optical axis being forwardly of the nodal point of said projection lens.

6. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 5 characterized in that said condensing system is selectively convertible for use with differing focal length projection lenses, said condensing system including a supplemental lens between said pair of lens and the object plane upon which the projection lens is focused and cooperating with said pair of lens elements to vary the angle of said radiation source rays relative to said optical axis so as to shift their respective points of intersection with the optical axis thereby to adapt said condensing system for use with a projection lens of a different focal length without need for relocating the radiation source relative to the object plane.

7. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 6 characterized in that said additional lens element is a positive element effective to increase the angle of the respective source rays relative to said optical axis in passing therethrough thereby to adapt said condensing system to use with a projection lens of shorter focal length.

8. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 9 characterized in that said additional lens element is a negative element effective to diminish the angle of respective source rays relative to said optical axis in passing therethrough thereby to adapt said condensing system to use with a projection lens of longer focal length.

9. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 6 characterized in that said additional lens and the adjacent one of said pair of lens elements are spaced from the other of said pair of lens elements by a distance varying with and dependent upon the design constants of said additional lens elements.

10. A condensing lens system as defined in claim 2 characterized in that said lens elements are arranged along the optical axis in the numerical order and having the design parameterssetforth in table I, namely:

Supplemental Lens Data Surface Axial Index of Lens Lens Lens curvature, thickness, refraction, dlamet er. element surface mm. t(mm.) 11 mm.

r1110 T1701) 3.13 1. 520 114. 0 "l" 1.84 1.520 111.0

11. An optical condensing system as defined in claim l0 readily convertible for use with projection lens of widely differing focal lengths and characterized in the provision of a set of supplemental lens usable selectively in combination forwardly of the third lens of the lens system defined in claim 20 and which supplemental lens have the design parameters and relationships to the lenses operatively associated therewith set forth in tables ii and ill, namely:

Lens Spacings for Typical Supplemental and Projection Lens Combinations Axial spacing, mm.

Axial spacimz. mm.

Projection lens Supplemental Projection lens Supplemental focal length (mm.) lens No.

Iocailength (mm.) lens N0.

.5 mwmn mwnw mmm m m wuwn 222 2 Mama wherein Z, is the axial spacing between lenses and between 12. A condensing lens system as defined in rfiEiiEFrZc terized in the selective use therewith of one additional lens the film and the nearest lens surface.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent 3.509.012 t d 1211 Inve fls) Chan Street It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 8, beginning with line 52, claims 10 and 11, "l0.A condensing" cancel all to and including line 9 of column 9 and insert:

10. A condensing lens system as defined in claim 2 characterized in that said lens elements are arranged along the optical axis in the numerical order and having the design parameters set forth in table I, namely:

Surface Axial Index of Lens Lens Lens Curvature Thickness Refraction Diameter Element Surface m I mm D mm II s 3 +180 S t Aspheric 22.12 1.520 82.0

(E uation I) III Aspheric (Equation 11) 13.52 1.520 82.0

DRM PC4050 USCOMM-DC GOS'IU-PBO U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFiCi I069 O366'3!4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,5 9 Dated September 28. 1971 Inventor(s) Chan Street -2- It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

- ll. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 10 readily convertible for use with projection lens of widely differing focal lengths and characterized in the provision of a set of supplemental lens usable selectively in combination forwardly of the third lens of the lens system defined in claim 20 and which supplemental lens have the design parameters and relationships to the lenses operatively associated therewith set forth in Tables 11 and III, namely:

Supplemental Lens Data Surface F Axial Index of Lens Lens Lens Curvature Thickness Refraction Diameter Element 1' Surface mm (mm D mm a I I IVA S7 +62.5

lVB S7 +120.0

IVC, S7 Plano IVD S7 Plano ORM PO-IOSO {10-59) USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 9 U 5 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE I969 O-3Gli-J3l Patent No.

Inventor(s) UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Chan Street Dated CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION September 28. 197L Lens Sgcingg for 'Iygical Sugglemengal and ProJeotion Lens Combinations It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Projection Axial Spacing Lens mm Focal Supplemental {fi th 1 53 1 2 3 1 5 mm IV A 26.34 2.5 +9.36 6.50 10.00

mm IV B 26.34 2.5 41.36 18.50 10.00

mm None 26.3& 2.5 36.86 39.0 0

mm IV 0 26.3 2.5 33.36 26.75 12.57

m IV D 26.3 2.5 28.36 30.50 15.16

the film and the nearest lens surface.

wherein Z is the axial spacing between lenses and between ORM O-1050 (10-69) U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFIC! I909 C!6"3!4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,609,012 Dated Invent0r Chan Street -4- It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Signed and sealed this 24th day of 0ctober 1972.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOT'ISCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM po'mso ($691 uscoMM-Dc 60376-F'69 U 5 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFHCE lfllfl O365-'35A 

1. An optical condensing system comprising a plurality of optical elements in axial alignment with a source of luminous radiation, said system including a pair of lens elements having an aspheric surface on each thereof cooperating with one another and with the other surfaces of said lens elements to distribute consecutive rays of the source radiation relative to the optical axis in accordance with a smoothly ordered function over a prescribed area of a plane forwardly of and normal to the axis of said condensing system and characterized in that said lens elements are so shaped an dispoSed relative to one another and to the source of luminous radiation as to direct rays passing through said lens elements into intersection with the optical axis of said system at a multiplicity of points distributed in the same consecutive order over a substantial length thereof forwardly of said condensing system.
 2. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 1 characterized in that said optical system includes a first condensing lens element between said radiation source and a first one of said pair of lens elements and spanning an arc of at least 90* with respect to the source of luminous radiation.
 3. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 1 characterized in that the aspheric surfaces respectively present on said pair of lens elements are so shaped and positioned that rays located closer to the optical axis in the zone of said lens elements intersect the optical axis at points more distantly from said lens element than the points of intersection of rays passing through the outer portions of said lens elements.
 4. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 1 characterized in that said pairs of lens elements are so shaped and spaced from one another relative to the source of radiation as to provide an ordered distribution of the source rays in the plane normal to the optical axis and forwardly of the nearest one of said lens elements.
 5. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 1 characterized in the combination therewith of a projection lens forwardly of said pair of lens elements and in which said rays are distributed in a smoothly ordered function, and said multiplicity of points of ray intersection with said optical axis being forwardly of the nodal point of said projection lens.
 6. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 5 characterized in that said condensing system is selectively convertible for use with differing focal length projection lenses, said condensing system including a supplemental lens between said pair of lens and the object plane upon which the projection lens is focused and cooperating with said pair of lens elements to vary the angle of said radiation source rays relative to said optical axis so as to shift their respective points of intersection with the optical axis thereby to adapt said condensing system for use with a projection lens of a different focal length without need for relocating the radiation source relative to the object plane.
 7. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 6 characterized in that said additional lens element is a positive element effective to increase the angle of the respective source rays relative to said optical axis in passing therethrough thereby to adapt said condensing system to use with a projection lens of shorter focal length.
 8. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 9 characterized in that said additional lens element is a negative element effective to diminish the angle of respective source rays relative to said optical axis in passing therethrough thereby to adapt said condensing system to use with a projection lens of longer focal length.
 9. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 6 characterized in that said additional lens and the adjacent one of said pair of lens elements are spaced from the other of said pair of lens elements by a distance varying with and dependent upon the design constants of said additional lens elements.
 10. A condensing lens system as defined in claim 2 characterized in that said lens elements are arranged along the optical axis in the numerical order and having the design parameters set forth in table I, namely:
 11. An optical condensing system as defined in claim 10 readily convertible for use with projection lens of widely differing focal lengths and characterized in the provision of a set of supplemental lens usable selectively in combination forwardly of the third lens of the lens system defined in claim 20 and which supplemental lens have the design parameters and relationships to the lenses operatively associated therewith set forth in tables II and III, namely:
 12. A condensing lens system as defined in claim 10 characterized in the selective use therewith of one additional lens forwardly of lens III having the following constructional data: 